passwd

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Langue: ja

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Version: 1998-01-05 (openSuse - 09/10/07)

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Section: 5 (Format de fichier)

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passwd - ¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë

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account:password:UID:GID:GECOS:directory:shell

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login(1), passwd(1), su(1), group(5), shadow(5)