Imager::Filters.3pm

Langue: en

Version: 2007-11-03 (fedora - 01/12/10)

Section: 3 (Bibliothèques de fonctions)

NAME

Imager::Filters - Entire Image Filtering Operations

SYNOPSIS

   use Imager;
 
   $img = ...;
 
   $img->filter(type=>'autolevels');
   $img->filter(type=>'autolevels', lsat=>0.2);
   $img->filter(type=>'turbnoise')
 
   # and lots of others
 
   load_plugin("dynfilt/dyntest.so")
     or die "unable to load plugin\n";
 
   $img->filter(type=>'lin_stretch', a=>35, b=>200);
 
   unload_plugin("dynfilt/dyntest.so")
     or die "unable to load plugin\n";
 
   $out = $img->difference(other=>$other_img);
 
 

DESCRIPTION

Filters are operations that have similar calling interface.
filter
Parameters:
*
type - the type of filter, see ``Types of Filters''.
*
many other possible parameters, see ``Types of Filters'' below.

Types of Filters

Here is a list of the filters that are always avaliable in Imager. This list can be obtained by running the "filterlist.perl" script that comes with the module source.
   Filter          Arguments   Default value
   autolevels      lsat        0.1
                   usat        0.1
                   skew        0
 
   bumpmap         bump lightx lighty
                   elevation   0
                   st          2
 
   bumpmap_complex bump
                   channel     0
                   tx          0
                   ty          0
                   Lx          0.2
                   Ly          0.4
                   Lz          -1 
                   cd          1.0 
                   cs          40.0
                   n           1.3
                   Ia          (0 0 0)
                   Il          (255 255 255)
                   Is          (255 255 255)
 
   contrast        intensity
 
   conv            coef
 
   fountain        xa ya xb yb
                   ftype        linear
                   repeat       none
                   combine      none
                   super_sample none
                   ssample_param 4
                   segments(see below)
 
   gaussian        stddev
 
   gradgen         xo yo colors 
                   dist         0
 
   hardinvert
 
   mosaic          size         20
 
   noise           amount       3
                   subtype      0
 
   postlevels      levels       10
 
   radnoise        xo           100
                   yo           100
                   ascale       17.0
                   rscale       0.02
 
   turbnoise       xo           0.0
                   yo           0.0
                   scale        10.0
 
   unsharpmask     stddev       2.0
                   scale        1.0
 
   watermark       wmark
                   pixdiff      10
                   tx           0
                   ty           0
 
 

All parameters must have some value but if a parameter has a default value it may be omitted when calling the filter function.

Every one of these filters modifies the image in place.

If none of the filters here do what you need, the ``tranform'' in Imager::Engines or ``transform2'' in Imager::Engines function may be useful.

A reference of the filters follows:

autolevels
scales the value of each channel so that the values in the image will cover the whole possible range for the channel. lsat and usat truncate the range by the specified fraction at the top and bottom of the range respectivly.
   # increase contrast per channel, losing little detail
   $img->filter(type=>"autolevels")
     or die $img->errstr;
 
   # increase contrast, losing 20% of highlight at top and bottom range
   $img->filter(type=>"autolevels", lsat=>0.2, usat=>0.2)
     or die $img->errstr;
 
 
bumpmap
uses the channel elevation image bump as a bumpmap on your image, with the light at (lightx, lightty), with a shadow length of st.
   $img->filter(type=>"bumpmap", bump=>$bumpmap_img,
                lightx=>10, lighty=>10, st=>5)
     or die $img->errstr;
 
 
bumpmap_complex
uses the channel channel image bump as a bumpmap on your image. If Lz<0 the three L parameters are considered to be the direction of the light. If Lz>0 the L parameters are considered to be the light position. Ia is the ambient colour, Il is the light colour, Is is the color of specular highlights. cd is the diffuse coefficient and cs is the specular coefficient. n is the shininess of the surface.
   $img->filter(type=>"bumpmap_complex", bump=>$bumpmap_img)
     or die $img->errstr;
 
 
contrast
scales each channel by intensity. Values of intensity < 1.0 will reduce the contrast.
   # higher contrast
   $img->filter(type=>"contrast", intensity=>1.3)
     or die $img->errstr;
 
   # lower contrast
   $img->filter(type=>"contrast", intensity=>0.8)
     or die $img->errstr;
 
 
conv
performs 2 1-dimensional convolutions on the image using the values from coef. coef should be have an odd length and the sum of the coefficients must be non-zero.
   # sharper
   $img->filter(type=>"conv", coef=>[-0.5, 2, -0.5 ])
     or die $img->errstr;
 
   # blur
   $img->filter(type=>"conv", coef=>[ 1, 2, 1 ])
     or die $img->errstr;
 
 
fountain
renders a fountain fill, similar to the gradient tool in most paint software. The default fill is a linear fill from opaque black to opaque white. The points A(xa, ya) and B(xb, yb) control the way the fill is performed, depending on the ftype parameter:
linear
the fill ramps from A through to B.
bilinear
the fill ramps in both directions from A, where AB defines the length of the gradient.
radial
A is the center of a circle, and B is a point on it's circumference. The fill ramps from the center out to the circumference.
radial_square
A is the center of a square and B is the center of one of it's sides. This can be used to rotate the square. The fill ramps out to the edges of the square.
revolution
A is the centre of a circle and B is a point on it's circumference. B marks the 0 and 360 point on the circle, with the fill ramping clockwise.
conical
A is the center of a circle and B is a point on it's circumference. B marks the 0 and point on the circle, with the fill ramping in both directions to meet opposite.

The repeat option controls how the fill is repeated for some ftypes after it leaves the AB range:
none
no repeats, points outside of each range are treated as if they were on the extreme end of that range.
sawtooth
the fill simply repeats in the positive direction
triangle
the fill repeats in reverse and then forward and so on, in the positive direction
saw_both
the fill repeats in both the positive and negative directions (only meaningful for a linear fill).
tri_both
as for triangle, but in the negative direction too (only meaningful for a linear fill).

By default the fill simply overwrites the whole image (unless you have parts of the range 0 through 1 that aren't covered by a segment), if any segments of your fill have any transparency, you can set the combine option to 'normal' to have the fill combined with the existing pixels. See the description of combine in Imager::Fill.
If your fill has sharp edges, for example between steps if you use repeat set to 'triangle', you may see some aliased or ragged edges. You can enable super-sampling which will take extra samples within the pixel in an attempt anti-alias the fill.
The possible values for the super_sample option are:
none
no super-sampling is done
grid
a square grid of points are sampled. The number of points sampled is the square of ceil(0.5 + sqrt(ssample_param)).
random
a random set of points within the pixel are sampled. This looks pretty bad for low ssample_param values.
circle
the points on the radius of a circle within the pixel are sampled. This seems to produce the best results, but is fairly slow (for now).

You can control the level of sampling by setting the ssample_param option. This is roughly the number of points sampled, but depends on the type of sampling.
The segments option is an arrayref of segments. You really should use the Imager::Fountain class to build your fountain fill. Each segment is an array ref containing:
start
a floating point number between 0 and 1, the start of the range of fill parameters covered by this segment.
middle
a floating point number between start and end which can be used to push the color range towards one end of the segment.
end
a floating point number between 0 and 1, the end of the range of fill parameters covered by this segment. This should be greater than start.
c0
c1
The colors at each end of the segment. These can be either Imager::Color or Imager::Color::Float objects.
segment type
The type of segment, this controls the way the fill parameter varies over the segment. 0 for linear, 1 for curved (unimplemented), 2 for sine, 3 for sphere increasing, 4 for sphere decreasing.
color type
The way the color varies within the segment, 0 for simple RGB, 1 for hue increasing and 2 for hue decreasing.

Don't forget to use Imager::Fountain instead of building your own. Really. It even loads GIMP gradient files.
   # build the gradient the hard way - linear from black to white,
   # then back again
   my @simple =
    (
      [   0, 0.25, 0.5, 'black', 'white', 0, 0 ],
      [ 0.5. 0.75, 1.0, 'white', 'black', 0, 0 ],
    );
   # across
   my $linear = $img->copy;
   $linear->filter(type     => "fountain",
                   ftype    => 'linear',
                   repeat   => 'sawtooth',
                   segments => \@simple,
                   xa       => 0,
                   ya       => $linear->getheight / 2,
                   xb       => $linear->getwidth - 1,
                   yb       => $linear->getheight / 2)
     or die $linear->errstr;
   # around
   my $revolution = $img->copy;
   $revolution->filter(type     => "fountain",
                       ftype    => 'revolution',
                       segments => \@simple,
                       xa       => $revolution->getwidth / 2,
                       ya       => $revolution->getheight / 2,
                       xb       => $revolution->getwidth / 2,
                       yb       => 0)
     or die $revolution->errstr;
   # out from the middle
   my $radial = $img->copy;
   $radial->filter(type     => "fountain",
                   ftype    => 'radial',
                   segments => \@simple,
                   xa       => $im->getwidth / 2,
                   ya       => $im->getheight / 2,
                   xb       => $im->getwidth / 2,
                   yb       => 0)
     or die $radial->errstr;
 
 
gaussian
performs a gaussian blur of the image, using stddev as the standard deviation of the curve used to combine pixels, larger values give bigger blurs. For a definition of Gaussian Blur, see:
   http://www.maths.abdn.ac.uk/~igc/tch/mx4002/notes/node99.html
 
 

Values of "stddev" around 0.5 provide a barely noticable blur, values around 5 provide a very strong blur.

   # only slightly blurred
   $img->filter(type=>"gaussian", stddev=>0.5)
     or die $img->errstr;
 
   # more strongly blurred
   $img->filter(type=>"gaussian", stddev=>5)
     or die $img->errstr;
 
 
gradgen
renders a gradient, with the given colors at the corresponding points (x,y) in xo and yo. You can specify the way distance is measured for color blending by setting dist to 0 for Euclidean, 1 for Euclidean squared, and 2 for Manhattan distance.
   $img->filter(type="gradgen", 
                xo=>[ 10, 50, 10 ], 
                yo=>[ 10, 50, 50 ],
                colors=>[ qw(red blue green) ]);
 
 
hardinvert
inverts the image, black to white, white to black. All channels are inverted, including the alpha channel if any.
   $img->filter(type=>"hardinvert")
     or die $img->errstr;
 
 
mosaic
produces averaged tiles of the given size.
   $img->filter(type=>"mosaic", size=>5)
     or die $img->errstr;
 
 
noise
adds noise of the given amount to the image. If subtype is zero, the noise is even to each channel, otherwise noise is added to each channel independently.
   # monochrome noise
   $img->filter(type=>"noise", amount=>20, subtype=>0)
     or die $img->errstr;
 
   # color noise
   $img->filter(type=>"noise", amount=>20, subtype=>1)
     or die $img->errstr;
 
 
radnoise
renders radiant Perlin turbulent noise. The centre of the noise is at (xo, yo), ascale controls the angular scale of the noise , and rscale the radial scale, higher numbers give more detail.
   $img->filter(type=>"radnoise", xo=>50, yo=>50,
                ascale=>1, rscale=>0.02)
     or die $img->errstr;
 
 
postlevels
alters the image to have only levels distinct level in each channel.
   $img->filter(type=>"postlevels", levels=>10)
     or die $img->errstr;
 
 
turbnoise
renders Perlin turbulent noise. (xo, yo) controls the origin of the noise, and scale the scale of the noise, with lower numbers giving more detail.
   $img->filter(type=>"turbnoise", xo=>10, yo=>10, scale=>10)
     or die $img->errstr;
 
 
unsharpmask
performs an unsharp mask on the image. This increases the contrast of edges in the image.

This is the result of subtracting a gaussian blurred version of the image from the original. stddev controls the stddev parameter of the gaussian blur. Each output pixel is: in + scale * (in - blurred).

   $img->filter(type=>"unsharpmask", stddev=>1, scale=>0.5)
     or die $img->errstr;
 
 

unsharpmark has the following parameters:

*
stddev - this is equivalent to the "Radius" value in the GIMP's unsharpmask filter. This controls the size of the contrast increase around edges, larger values will remove fine detail. You should probably experiement on the types of images you plan to work with. Default: 2.0.
*
scale - controls the strength of the edge enhancement, equivalent to Amount in the GIMP's unsharp mask filter. Default: 1.0.
watermark
applies wmark as a watermark on the image with strength pixdiff, with an origin at (tx, ty)
   $img->filter(type=>"watermark", tx=>10, ty=>50, 
                wmark=>$wmark_image, pixdiff=>50)
     or die $img->errstr;
 
 

A demonstration of most of the filters can be found at:

   http://www.develop-help.com/imager/filters.html
 
 

External Filters

As of Imager 0.48 you can create perl or XS based filters and hook them into Imager's filter() method:
register_filter
Registers a filter so it is visible via Imager's filter() method.
   Imager->register_filter(type => 'your_filter',
                           defaults => { parm1 => 'default1' },
                           callseq => [ qw/image parm1/ ],
                           callsub => \&your_filter);
   $img->filter(type=>'your_filter', parm1 => 'something');
 
 

The following parameters are needed:

*
type - the type value that will be supplied to filter() to use your filter.
*
defaults - a hash of defaults for the filter's parameters
*
callseq - a reference to an array of required parameter names.
*
callsub - a code reference called to execute your filter. The parameters passed to filter() are supplied as a list of parameter name, value ... which can be assigned to a hash.

The special parameters "image" and "imager" are supplied as the low level image object from $self and $self itself respectively.

The function you supply must modify the image in place.


See Imager::Filter::Mandelbrot for an example.

Plugins

The plugin interface is deprecated. Please use the Imager API, see ``Imager::API'' and ``External Filters'' for details

It is possible to add filters to the module without recompiling the module itself. This is done by using DSOs (Dynamic shared object) avaliable on most systems. This way you can maintain our own filters and not have to get me to add it, or worse patch every new version of the Module. Modules can be loaded AND UNLOADED at runtime. This means that you can have a server/daemon thingy that can do something like:

   load_plugin("dynfilt/dyntest.so")
     or die "unable to load plugin\n";
 
   $img->filter(type=>'lin_stretch', a=>35, b=>200);
 
   unload_plugin("dynfilt/dyntest.so")
     or die "unable to load plugin\n";
 
 

Someone decides that the filter is not working as it should - dyntest.c modified and recompiled.

   load_plugin("dynfilt/dyntest.so")
     or die "unable to load plugin\n";
 
   $img->filter(%hsh);
 
 

An example plugin comes with the module - Please send feedback to addi@umich.edu if you test this.

Note: This seems to test ok on the following systems: Linux, Solaris, HPUX, OpenBSD, FreeBSD, TRU64/OSF1, AIX. If you test this on other systems please let me know.

load_plugin
This is a function, not a method, exported by default. You should import this function explicitly for future compatibility if you need it.

Accepts a single parameter, the name of a shared library file to load.

Returns true on success. Check Imager->errstr on failure.

unload_plugin
This is a function, not a method, which is exported by default. You should import this function explicitly for future compatibility if you need it.

Accepts a single parameter, the name of a shared library to unload. This library must have been previously loaded by load_plugin().

Returns true on success. Check Imager->errstr on failure.

Image Difference

difference
You can create a new image that is the difference between 2 other images.
   my $diff = $img->difference(other=>$other_img);
 
 

For each pixel in $img that is different to the pixel in $other_img, the pixel from $other_img is given, otherwise the pixel is transparent black.

This can be used for debugging image differences (``Where are they different?''), and for optimizing animated GIFs.

Note that $img and $other_img must have the same number of channels. The width and height of $diff will be the minimum of each of the width and height of $img and $other_img.

Parameters:

*
other - the other image object to compare against
*
mindist - the difference between corresponding samples must be greater than mindist for the pixel to be considered different. So a value of zero returns all different pixels, not all pixels. Range: 0 to 255 inclusive. Default: 0.

For large sample images this is scaled down to the range 0 .. 1.

AUTHOR

Arnar M. Hrafnkelsson, Tony Cook <tony@imager.perl.org>.

SEE ALSO

Imager, Imager::Filter::Flines, Imager::Filter::Mandelbrot

REVISION

$Revision: 1330 $