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MooseX::Declare.3pm

NAME

MooseX::Declare - Declarative syntax for Moose

SYNOPSIS

     use MooseX::Declare;
 
     class BankAccount {
         has 'balance' => ( isa => 'Num', is => 'rw', default => 0 );
 
         method deposit (Num $amount) {
             $self->balance( $self->balance + $amount );
         }
 
         method withdraw (Num $amount) {
             my $current_balance = $self->balance();
             ( $current_balance >= $amount )
                 || confess "Account overdrawn";
             $self->balance( $current_balance - $amount );
         }
     }
 
     class CheckingAccount extends BankAccount {
         has 'overdraft_account' => ( isa => 'BankAccount', is => 'rw' );
 
         before withdraw (Num $amount) {
             my $overdraft_amount = $amount - $self->balance();
             if ( $self->overdraft_account && $overdraft_amount > 0 ) {
                 $self->overdraft_account->withdraw($overdraft_amount);
                 $self->deposit($overdraft_amount);
             }
         }
     }
 
 

DESCRIPTION

This module provides syntactic sugar for Moose, the postmodern object system for Perl 5. When used, it sets up the "class" and "role" keywords.

KEYWORDS

class

     class Foo { ... }
 
     my $anon_class = class { ... };
 
 

Declares a new class. The class can be either named or anonymous, depending on whether or not a classname is given. Within the class definition Moose and MooseX::Method::Signatures are set up automatically in addition to the other keywords described in this document. At the end of the definition the class will be made immutable. namespace::autoclean is injected to clean up Moose and other imports for you.

Because of the way the options are parsed, you cannot have a class named ``is'', ``with'' or ``extends''.

It's possible to specify options for classes:

extends

     class Foo extends Bar { ... }
 
 

Sets a superclass for the class being declared.

with

     class Foo with Role             { ... }
     class Foo with Role1 with Role2 { ... }
     class Foo with (Role1, Role2)   { ... }
 
 

Applies a role or roles to the class being declared.

is mutable

     class Foo is mutable { ... }
 
 

Causes the class not to be made immutable after its definition.

Options can also be provided for anonymous classes using the same syntax:

     my $meta_class = class with Role;
 
 

role

     role Foo { ... }
 
     my $anon_role = role { ... };
 
 

Declares a new role. The role can be either named or anonymous, depending on whether or not a name is given. Within the role definition Moose::Role and MooseX::Method::Signatures are set up automatically in addition to the other keywords described in this document. Again, namespace::autoclean is injected to clean up Moose::Role and other imports for you.

It's possible to specify options for roles:

with

     role Foo with Bar { ... }
 
 

Applies a role to the role being declared.

before / after / around / override / augment

     before   foo ($x, $y, $z) { ... }
     after    bar ($x, $y, $z) { ... }
     around   baz ($x, $y, $z) { ... }
     override moo ($x, $y, $z) { ... }
     augment  kuh ($x, $y, $z) { ... }
 
 

Add a method modifier. Those work like documented in Moose, except for the slightly nicer syntax and the method signatures, which work like documented in MooseX::Method::Signatures.

For the "around" modifier an additional argument called $orig is automatically set up as the invocant for the method.

clean

Sometimes you don't want the automatic cleaning the "class" and "role" keywords provide using namespace::autoclean. In those cases you can specify the "dirty" trait for your class or role:

     use MooseX::Declare;
     class Foo is dirty { ... }
 
 

This will prevent cleaning of your namespace, except for the keywords imported from "Moose" or "Moose::Role". Additionally, a "clean" keyword is provided, which allows you to explicitly clean all functions that were defined prior to calling "clean". Here's an example:

     use MooseX::Declare;
     class Foo is dirty {
         sub helper_function { ... }
         clean;
         method foo ($stuff) { ...; return helper_function($stuff); }
     }
 
 

With that, the helper function won't be available as a method to a user of your class, but you're still able to use it inside your class.

NOTE ON IMPORTS

When creating a class with MooseX::Declare like:

     use MooseX::Declare;
     class Foo { ... }
 
 

What actually happens is something like this:

     {
         package Foo;
         use Moose;
         use namespace::autoclean;
         ...
         __PACKAGE__->meta->make_immutable;
     }
 
 

So if you declare imports outside the class, the symbols get imported into the "main::" namespace, not the class' namespace. The symbols then cannot be called from within the class:

     use MooseX::Declare;
     use Data::Dump qw/dump/;
     class Foo {
         method dump($value) { return dump($value) } # Data::Dump::dump IS NOT in Foo::
         method pp($value)   { $self->dump($value) } # an alias for our dump method
     }
 
 

To solve this, only import MooseX::Declare outside the class definition (because you have to). Make all other imports inside the class definition.

     use MooseX::Declare;
     class Foo {
         use Data::Dump qw/dump/;
         method dump($value) { return dump($value) } # Data::Dump::dump IS in Foo::
         method pp($value)   { $self->dump($value) } # an alias for our dump method
     }
 
     Foo->new->dump($some_value);
     Foo->new->pp($some_value);
 
 

NOTE that the import "Data::Dump::dump()" and the method "Foo::dump()", although having the same name, do not conflict with each other, because the imported "dump" function will be cleaned during compile time, so only the method remains there at run time. If you want to do more esoteric things with imports, have a look at the "clean" keyword and the "dirty" trait.

SEE ALSO

Moose

Moose::Role

MooseX::Method::Signatures

namespace::autoclean

vim syntax: <http://www.vim.org/scripts/script.php?script_id=2526>

emacs syntax: http://github.com/jrockway/cperl-mode <http://github.com/jrockway/cperl-mode>

Geany syntax + notes: http://www.cattlegrid.info/blog/2009/09/moosex-declare-geany-syntax.html <http://www.cattlegrid.info/blog/2009/09/moosex-declare-geany-syntax.html>

AUTHOR

Florian Ragwitz <rafl@debian.org>

With contributions from:

Ash Berlin <ash@cpan.org>

Chas. J. Owens IV <chas.owens@gmail.com>

Chris Prather <chris@prather.org>

Dave Rolsky <autarch@urth.org>

Devin Austin <dhoss@cpan.org>

Hans Dieter Pearcey <hdp@cpan.org>

Justin Hunter <justin.d.hunter@gmail.com>

Matt Kraai <kraai@ftbfs.org>

Michele Beltrame <arthas@cpan.org>

Nelo Onyiah <nelo.onyiah@gmail.com>

nperez <nperez@cpan.org>

Piers Cawley <pdcawley@bofh.org.uk>

Rafael Kitover <rkitover@io.com>

Robert aXXphaylonaXX Sedlacek <rs@474.at>

Stevan Little <stevan.little@iinteractive.com>

Tomas Doran <bobtfish@bobtfish.net>

Yanick Champoux <yanick@babyl.dyndns.org>

COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE

Copyright (c) 2008, 2009 Florian Ragwitz

Licensed under the same terms as perl itself.