Linux Certif

Toute la documentation sur la certification Linux LPI

ipc

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ipc - ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍÙ ÍÅÖÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÎÏÇÏ ×ÚÁÉÍÏÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ System V

ïâúïò

# include <sys/types.h>

# include <sys/ipc.h>

# include <sys/msg.h>

# include <sys/sem.h>

# include <sys/shm.h>

 

ïðéóáîéå

äÁÎÎÁÑ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÁ ÒÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÒÅÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÀ ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍÏ× ÍÅÖÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÎÏÇÏ ×ÚÁÉÍÏÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ System V ÄÌÑ Linux: ÏÞÅÒÅÄÉ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÊ, ÓÐÉÓËÉ ÓÅÍÁÆÏÒÏ× É ÓÅÇÍÅÎÔÙ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÑÅÍÏÊ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ. äÁÌÅÅ, ÓÌÏ×Ï ÒÅÓÕÒÓ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ ÓÕÝÎÏÓÔØ, ÓÏÚÄÁÎÎÕÀ × ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÉÚ ÜÔÉÈ ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍÏ×.

ðÒÁ×Á ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ Ë ÒÅÓÕÒÓÕ

äÌÑ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÒÅÓÕÒÓÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ ÏÂÏÂÝÅÎÎÕÀ ÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÕ ÔÉÐÁ struct ipc_perm ÄÌÑ ÈÒÁÎÅÎÉÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÁ ÄÌÑ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ ÐÒÁ× ÎÁ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÅ ËÁËÏÊ-ÌÉÂÏ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÉ ipc. óÔÒÕËÔÕÒÁ ipc_perm ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔÓÑ × ÚÁÇÏÌÏ×ÏÞÎÏÍ ÆÁÊÌÅ <sys/ipc.h> É ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÐÏÌÑ:

        ushort cuid;     /* ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÔÏÒ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÛÅÇÏ ÒÅÓÕÒÓ */

        ushort cgid;     /* ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÔÏÒ ÇÒÕÐÐÙ, ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÛÅÊ ÒÅÓÕÒÓ */

        ushort uid; /* ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÔÏÒ ×ÌÁÄÅÌØÃÁ */

        ushort gid; /* ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÔÏÒ ÇÒÕÐÐÙ */

        ushort mode; /* ÐÒÁ×Á ÎÁ ÞÔÅÎÉÅ/ÚÁÐÉÓØ */

÷ ÐÏÌÅ mode ÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÙ ipc_perm ÒÁÂÏÞÉÍÉ Ñ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÍÌÁÄÛÉÅ 9 ÂÉÔÏ× É ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÑÀÔ ÓÏÂÏÊ ÐÒÁ×Á ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ Ë ÒÅÓÕÒÓÕ ÄÌÑ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁ, ÓÄÅÌÁ×ÛÅÇÏ ipc ×ÙÚÏ×. ðÒÁ×Á ÉÎÔÅÒÐÒÅÔÉÒÕÀÔÓÑ ÔÁË:

        0400    þÔÅÎÉÅ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ

        0200    úÁÐÉÓØ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ



        0040    þÔÅÎÉÅ ÄÌÑ ÇÒÕÐÐÙ

        0020    úÁÐÉÓØ ÄÌÑ ÇÒÕÐÐÙ



        0004    þÔÅÎÉÅ ÄÌÑ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ

        0002    úÁÐÉÓØ ÄÌÑ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ

âÉÔÙ 0100, 0010 É 0001 (ÂÉÔÙ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ) ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ ÎÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔÓÑ. ëÒÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ "ÚÁÐÉÓØ" ÄÌÑ ÓÐÉÓËÁ ÓÅÍÁÆÏÒÏ× ÆÁËÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ "ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ".

÷ ÔÏÍ ÖÅ ÚÁÇÏÌÏ×ÏÞÎÏÍ ÆÁÊÌÅ ÔÁËÖÅ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌØÎÙÅ ËÏÎÓÔÁÎÔÙ:

IPC_CREAT

óÏÚÄÁÔØ ÚÁÐÉÓØ, ÅÓÌÉ ËÌÀÞ ÎÅ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ.

IPC_EXCL

ïÛÉÂËÁ, ÅÓÌÉ ËÌÀÞ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ.

IPC_NOWAIT

ïÛÉÂËÁ, ÅÓÌÉ ÚÁÐÒÏÓ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÖÄÁÔØ.

IPC_PRIVATE

ìÉÞÎÙÊ ËÌÀÞ.

IPC_RMID

õÄÁÌÉÔØ ÒÅÓÕÒÓ.

IPC_SET

õÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÏÐÃÉÉ ÒÅÓÕÒÓÁ.

IPC_STAT

ðÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÏÐÃÉÉ ÒÅÓÕÒÓÁ.

úÁÍÅÔÉÍ, ÞÔÏ IPC_PRIVATE ÉÍÅÅÔ ÔÉÐ key_t, × ÔÏ ×ÒÅÍÑ ËÁË ×ÓÅ ÏÓÔÁÌØÎÙÅ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌØÎÙÅ ËÏÎÓÔÁÎÔÙ Ñ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÐÏÌÑÍÉ-ÆÌÁÇÁÍÉ, ÄÌÑ ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÍÏÖÅÔ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÔØÓÑ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÑ ÌÏÇÉÞÅÓËÏÇÏ ÓÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ × ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÕÀ ÔÉÐÁ int.

ïÞÅÒÅÄÉ óÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÊ

ïÞÅÒÅÄØ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÊ ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉÃÉÒÕÅÔÓÑ ÕÎÉËÁÌØÎÙÍ ÐÏÌÏÖÉÔÅÌØÎÙÍ ÃÅÌÙÍ ÞÉÓÌÏÍ (msqid), Ó×ÑÚÁÎÎÙÍ ÓÏ ÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÏÊ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÔÉÐÁ struct msqid_ds, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔÓÑ × ÚÁÇÏÌÏ×ÏÞÎÏÍ ÆÁÊÌÅ <sys/msg.h>, É ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÐÏÌÑ:

        struct ipc_perm msg_perm;

        ushort msg_qnum;         /* ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÊ × ÏÞÅÒÅÄÉ */

        ushort msg_qbytes;       /* ÍÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÏÅ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÂÁÊÔ × ÏÞÅÒÅÄÉ */

        ushort msg_lspid;        /* pid, ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÔÏÒ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁ, ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉ×ÛÅÇÏ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÊ ×ÙÚÏ× msgsnd */

        ushort msg_lrpid;        /* pid, ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÔÏÒ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁ, ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉ×ÛÅÇÏ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÊ ×ÙÚÏ× msgrcv */

        time_t msg_stime;        /* ×ÒÅÍÑ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÇÏ ×ÙÚÏ×Á msgsnd */

        time_t msg_rtime;        /* ×ÒÅÍÑ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÇÏ ×ÙÚÏ×Á msgrcv */

        time_t msg_ctime;        /* ×ÒÅÍÑ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÇÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ */

msg_perm

óÔÒÕËÔÕÒÁ ipc_perm ÚÁÄÁÅÔ ÐÒÁ×Á ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ Ë ÏÞÅÒÅÄÉ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ.

msg_qnum

ëÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÊ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ × ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ × ÏÞÅÒÅÄÉ.

msg_qbytes

íÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÏÅ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÂÁÊÔÏ× ÔÅËÓÔÁ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ, ËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ÄÏÐÕÓËÁÅÔÓÑ × ÏÞÅÒÅÄÉ.

msg_lspid

éÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÔÏÒ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÌ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ ×ÙÚÏ× msgsnd.

msg_lrpid

éÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÔÏÒ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÌ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ ×ÙÚÏ× msgrcv.

msg_stime

÷ÒÅÍÑ, ËÏÇÄÁ ÂÙÌ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ ×ÙÚÏ× msgsnd.

msg_rtime

÷ÒÅÍÑ, ËÏÇÄÁ ÂÙÌ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ ×ÙÚÏ× msgcv.

msg_ctime

÷ÒÅÍÑ, ËÏÇÄÁ ÂÙÌ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ ×ÙÚÏ×, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÌ × ÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÅ ÐÏÌÅ msqid_ds.

óÐÉÓËÉ ÓÅÍÁÆÏÒÏ×

óÐÉÓÏË ÓÅÍÁÆÏÒÏ× ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉÃÉÒÕÅÔÓÑ ÕÎÉËÁÌØÎÙÍ ÐÏÌÏÖÉÔÅÌØÎÙÍ ÃÅÌÙÍ ÞÉÓÌÏÍ (semid), Ó×ÑÚÁÎÎÙÍ ÓÏ ÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÏÊ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÔÉÐÁ struct semid_ds, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔÓÑ × ÚÁÇÏÌÏ×ÏÞÎÏÍ ÆÁÊÌÅ <sys/sem.h> É ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÐÏÌÑ:

        struct ipc_perm sem_perm;

        time_t sem_otime;        /* ×ÒÅÍÑ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÊ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÉ */

        time_t sem_ctime;        /* ×ÒÅÍÑ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÇÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ */

        ushort sem_nsems;        /* ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÓÅÍÁÆÏÒÏ× × ÓÐÉÓËÅ */

sem_perm

óÔÒÕËÔÕÒÁ ipc_perm, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÚÁÄÁÅÔ ÐÒÁ×Á ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ Ë ÓÐÉÓËÕ ÓÅÍÁÆÏÒÏ×.

sem_otime

÷ÒÅÍÑ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÇÏ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÇÏ ×ÙÚÏ×Á semop.

sem_ctime

÷ÒÅÍÑ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÇÏ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÇÏ ×ÙÚÏ×Á semctl, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÉÚÍÅÎÑÅÔ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ËÁËÏÇÏ-ÌÉÂÏ ÉÚ ÐÏÌÅÊ ÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÙ ÉÌÉ ÏÄÉÎ ÉÚ ÓÅÍÁÆÏÒÏ× × ÓÐÉÓËÅ.

sem_nsems

ëÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÓÅÍÁÆÏÒÏ× × ÓÐÉÓËÅ. óÅÍÁÆÏÒÙ × ÓÐÉÓËÅ ÎÕÍÅÒÕÀÔÓÑ ÐÏÌÏÖÉÔÅÌØÎÙÍÉ ÃÅÌÙÍÉ ÞÉÓÌÁÍÉ ÏÔ ÎÕÌÑ ÄÏ sem_nsems-1.

óÅÍÁÆÏÒ -- ÜÔÏ ÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÔÉÐÁ struct sem, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÐÏÌÑ:

        ushort semval;   /* ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÓÅÍÁÆÏÒÁ */

        short sempid;    /* pid ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÊ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÉ */

        ushort semncnt;  /* ëÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÏÖÉÄÁÀÝÉÈ Õ×ÅÌÉÞÅÎÉÑ semval */

        ushort semzcnt;  /* ëÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÏÖÉÄÁÀÝÉÈ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ semval × ÎÕÌØ */

semval

úÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÓÅÍÁÆÏÒÁ: ÎÅÏÔÒÉÃÁÔÅÌØÎÏÅ ÃÅÌÏÅ ÞÉÓÌÏ.

sempid

éÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÔÏÒ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÇÏ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÌ Ó ÄÁÎÎÙÍ ÓÅÍÁÆÏÒÏÍ.

semncnt

ëÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏ×, ÐÒÉÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÙÈ × ÏÖÉÄÁÎÉÉ Õ×ÅÌÉÞÅÎÉÑ semval.

semznt

ëÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏ×, ÐÒÉÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÙÈ × ÏÖÉÄÁÎÉÉ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ semval × ÎÕÌØ.

óÅÇÍÅÎÔÙ òÁÚÄÅÌÑÅÍÏÊ ðÁÍÑÔÉ

óÅÇÍÅÎÔ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÑÅÍÏÊ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉÃÉÒÕÅÔÓÑ ÕÎÉËÁÌØÎÙÍ ÐÏÌÏÖÉÔÅÌØÎÙÍ ÃÅÌÙÍ ÞÉÓÌÏÍ (shmid), ËÏÔÏÒÏÅ Ó×ÑÚÁÎÏ ÓÏ ÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÏÊ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÔÉÐÁ struct shmid_ds, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔÓÑ × ÚÁÇÏÌÏ×ÏÞÎÏÍ ÆÁÊÌÅ <sys/shm.h> É ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÐÏÌÑ:

        struct ipc_perm shm_perm;

        int shm_segsz;   /* ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÓÅÇÍÅÎÔÁ */

        ushort shm_cpid;         /* pid ÓÏÚÄÁÔÅÌÑ */

        ushort shm_lpid;         /* pid ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÊ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÉ */

        short shm_nattch;        /* ëÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÎÙÈ × ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ */

        time_t shm_atime;        /* ×ÒÅÍÑ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÇÏ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ */

        time_t shm_dtime;        /* ×ÒÅÍÑ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÇÏ ÏÔËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ */

        time_t shm_ctime;        /* ×ÒÅÍÑ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÇÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ */

shm_perm

óÔÒÕËÔÕÒÁ ipc_perm, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÚÁÄÁÅÔ ÐÒÁ×Á ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ Ë ÒÁÚÄÅÌÑÅÍÏÍÕ ÓÅÇÍÅÎÔÕ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ.

shm_segsz

òÁÚÍÅÒ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÑÅÍÏÇÏ ÓÅÇÍÅÎÔÁ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ × ÂÁÊÔÁÈ.

shm_cpid

éÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÔÏÒ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÓÏÚÄÁÌ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÑÅÍÙÊ ÓÅÇÍÅÎÔ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ.

shm_lpid

éÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÔÏÒ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÇÏ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÄÅÌÁÌ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÅ ×ÙÚÏ×Ù shmat ÉÌÉ shmdt.

shm_nattch

ëÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏ×, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ × ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÙ Ë ÄÁÎÎÏÍÕ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÑÅÍÏÍÕ ÓÅÇÍÅÎÔÕ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ.

shm_atime

÷ÒÅÍÑ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÇÏ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÇÏ ×ÙÚÏ×Á shmat.

shm_dtime

÷ÒÅÍÑ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÇÏ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÇÏ ×ÙÚÏ×Á shmdt.

shm_ctime

÷ÒÅÍÑ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÇÏ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÇÏ ×ÙÚÏ×Á shmctl, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÌ shmid_ds.

óíïôòé ôáëöå

ftok(3), msgctl(2), msgget(2), msgrcv(2), msgsnd(2), semctl(2), semget(2), semop(2), shmat(2), shmctl(2), shmget(2), shmdt(2)

ðåòå÷ïä

ðÅÒÅ×£Ì Ó ÁÎÇÌÉÊÓËÏÇÏ ÷ÉËÔÏÒ ÷ÉÓÌÏÂÏËÏ× <corochoone@perm.ru> 2004