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ntfs-3g
Langue: en
Version: February 2010 (fedora - 01/12/10)
Section: 8 (Commandes administrateur)
Sommaire
NAME
ntfs-3g - Third Generation Read/Write NTFS DriverSYNOPSIS
ntfs-3g [-o option[,...]] volume mount_pointmount -t ntfs-3g [-o option[,...]] volume mount_point
lowntfs-3g [-o option[,...]] volume mount_point
mount -t lowntfs-3g [-o option[,...]] volume mount_point
DESCRIPTION
ntfs-3g is an NTFS driver, which can create, remove, rename, move files, directories, hard links, and streams; it can read and write files, including streams, sparse files and transparently compressed files; it can handle special files like symbolic links, devices, and FIFOs; moreover it provides standard management of file ownership and permissions, including POSIX ACLs.It comes in two variants ntfs-3g and lowntfs-3g with a few differences mentioned below in relevant options descriptions.
The volume to be mounted can be either a block device or an image file.
Access Handling and Security
By default, files and directories are owned by the effective user and group of the mounting process, and everybody has full read, write, execution and directory browsing permissions. You can also assign permissions to a single user by using the uid and/or the gid options together with the umask, or fmask and dmask options.Doing so, Windows users have full access to the files created by ntfs-3g.
But, by setting the permissions option, you can benefit from the full ownership and permissions features as defined by POSIX. By defining a Windows-to-Linux user mapping, the ownership and permissions will even be applied to Windows users and conversely.
If ntfs-3g is set setuid-root then non-root users will be also able to mount volumes.
Windows Filename Compatibility
NTFS supports several filename namespaces: DOS, Win32 and POSIX. While the ntfs-3g driver handles all of them, it always creates new files in the POSIX namespace for maximum portability and interoperability reasons. This means that filenames are case sensitive and all characters are allowed except '/' and '\0'. This is perfectly legal on Windows, though some application may get confused. The option windows_names may be used to apply Windows restrictions to new file names.Alternate Data Streams (ADS)
NTFS stores all data in streams. Every file has exactly one unnamed data stream and can have many named data streams. The size of a file is the size of its unnamed data stream. By default, ntfs-3g will only read the unnamed data stream.By using the options "streams_interface=windows", with the ntfs-3g driver (not possible with lowntfs-3g), you will be able to read any named data streams, simply by specifying the stream's name after a colon. For example:
cat some.mp3:artist
OPTIONS
Below is a summary of the options that ntfs-3g accepts.- uid=value and gid=value
- Set the owner and the group of files and directories. The values are numerical. The defaults are the uid and gid of the current process.
- umask=value
- Set the bitmask of the file and directory permissions that are not present. The value is given in octal. The default value is 0 which means full access to everybody.
- fmask=value
- Set the bitmask of the file permissions that are not present. The value is given in octal. The default value is 0 which means full access to everybody.
- dmask=value
- Set the bitmask of the directory permissions that are not present. The value is given in octal. The default value is 0 which means full access to everybody.
- usermapping=file-name
- Use file file-name as the user mapping file instead of the default .NTFS-3G/UserMapping. If file-name defines a full path, the file must be located on a partition previously mounted. If it defines a relative path, it is interpreted relative to the root of NTFS partition being mounted.
- When a user mapping file is defined, the options uid=, gid=, umask=, fmask=, dmask= and dsilent= are ignored.
- permissions
- Set standard permissions on created files and use standard access control. This option is set by default when a user mapping file is present.
- inherit
- When creating a new file, set its initial ownership and protections according to inheritance rules defined in parent directory. These rules deviate from Posix specifications, but yield a better Windows compatibility.
- ro
- Mount filesystem read-only. Useful if Windows is hibernated or the NTFS journal file is unclean.
- locale=value
- This option can be useful when wanting a language specific locale environment. It is however discouraged as it leads to files with untranslatable chars to not be visible. Please see more information about this topic at http://ntfs-3g.org/support.html#locale
- force
- Force the mounting even if the NTFS logfile is unclean. The logfile will be unconditionally cleared. Use this option with caution and for your own responsibility.
- ignore_case
- (only with lowntfs-3g) Ignore character case when accessing a file (FOO, Foo, foo, etc. designate the same file). All files are displayed with lower case in directory listings.
- remove_hiberfile
- Unlike in case of read-only mount, the read-write mount is denied if the NTFS volume is hibernated. One needs either to resume Windows and shutdown it properly, or use this option which will remove the Windows hibernation file. Please note, this means that the saved Windows session will be completely lost. Use this option for your own responsibility.
- atime, noatime, relatime
- The atime option updates inode access time for each access.
The noatime option disables inode access time updates which can speed up file operations and prevent sleeping (notebook) disks spinning up too often thus saving energy and disk lifetime.
The relatime option is very similar to noatime. It updates inode access times relative to modify or change time. The access time is only updated if the previous access time was earlier than the current modify or change time. Unlike noatime this option doesn't break applications that need to know if a file has been read since the last time it was modified. This is the default behaviour.
- show_sys_files
- Show the metafiles in directory listings. Otherwise the default behaviour is to hide the metafiles, which are special files used to store the NTFS structure. Please note that even when this option is specified, "$MFT" may not be visible due to a glibc bug. Furthermore, irrespectively of show_sys_files, all files are accessible by name, for example you can always do "ls -l '$UpCase'".
- hide_hid_files
- Hide the hidden files and directories in directory listings, the hidden files and directories being the ones whose NTFS attribute have the hidden flag set. The hidden files will not be selected when using wildcards in commands, but all files and directories remain accessible by full name, for example you can always display the Windows trash bin directory by : "ls -ld '$RECYCLE.BIN'".
- hide_dot_files
- Set the hidden flag in the NTFS attribute for created files and directories whose first character of the name is a dot. Such files and directories normally do not appear in directory listings, and when the flag is set they do not appear in Windows directory displays either.
- windows_names
- This option prevents files, directories and extended attributes to be created with a name not allowed by windows, either because it contains some not allowed character (which are the nine characters " * / : < > ? \ | and those whose code is less than 0x20) or because the last character is a space or a dot. Existing such files can still be read (and renamed).
- allow_other
- This option overrides the security measure restricting file access to the user mounting the filesystem. This option is only allowed to root, but this restriction can be overridden by the 'user_allow_other' option in the /etc/fuse.conf file.
- max_read=value
- With this option the maximum size of read operations can be set. The default is infinite. Note that the size of read requests is limited anyway to 32 pages (which is 128kbyte on i386).
- silent
- Do nothing, without returning any error, on chmod and chown operations, when the user mapping file required by these operations is not defined. This option is on by default.
- no_def_opts
- By default ntfs-3g acts as if "silent" (ignore errors on chmod and chown), "allow_other" (allow any user to access files) and "nonempty" (allow mounting on non-empty directories) were set, and "no_def_opts" cancels these default options.
- streams_interface=value
- This option controls how the user can access Alternate Data Streams (ADS) or in other words, named data streams. It can be set to, one of none, windows or xattr. If the option is set to none, the user will have no access to the named data streams. If it's set to windows, then the user can access them just like in Windows (eg. cat file:stream). If it's set to xattr, then the named data streams are mapped to xattrs and user can manipulate them using {get,set}fattr utilities. The default is xattr.
- user_xattr
- Same as streams_interface=xattr.
- efs_raw
- This option should only be used in backup or restore situation. It changes the apparent size of files and the behavior of read and write operation so that encrypted files can be saved and restored without being decrypted. The user.ntfs.efsinfo extended attribute has also to be saved and restored for the file to be decrypted.
- compression
- This option enables creating new transparently compressed files in directories marked for compression. A directory is marked for compression by setting the bit 11 (value 0x00000800) in its Windows attribute. In such a directory, new files are created compressed and new subdirectories are themselves marked for compression. The option and the flag have no effect on existing files.
- nocompression
- This option disables creating new transparently compressed files in directories marked for compression. Existing compressed files can still be read and updated. Currently this is the default option.
- debug
- Makes ntfs-3g to print a lot of debug output from libntfs-3g and FUSE.
- no_detach
- Makes ntfs-3g to not detach from terminal and print some debug output.
USER MAPPING
NTFS uses specific ids to record the ownership of files instead of the uid and gid used by Linux. As a consequence a mapping between the ids has to be defined for ownerships to be recorded into NTFS and recognized. By default, this mapping is fetched from the file .NTFS-3G/UserMapping located in the NTFS partition. The option usermapping= may be used to define another location. When the option permissions is set and no mapping file is found, a default mapping is used. Each line in the user mapping file defines a mapping. It is organized in three fields separated by colons. The first field identifies a uid, the second field identifies a gid and the third one identifies the corresponding NTFS id, known as a SID. The uid and the gid are optional and defining both of them for the same SID is not recommended. If no strong interoperation with Windows is needed, a single default mapping with no uid and gid can be used. Files created on Linux will appear to Windows as owned by a foreign user, and files created on Windows will appear to Linux as owned by root. Just copy the example below and replace the 9 and 10-digit numbers by any number not greater than 4294967295. The resulting behavior is the same as the one with the option permission set with no ownership option and no user mapping file available.
::S-1-5-21-3141592653-589793238-462643383-10000
john::S-1-5-21-3141592653-589793238-462643383-1008 mary::S-1-5-21-3141592653-589793238-462643383-1009 :smith:S-1-5-21-3141592653-589793238-462643383-513 ::S-1-5-21-3141592653-589793238-462643383-10000
EXAMPLES
Mount /dev/sda1 to /mnt/windows:
ntfs-3g /dev/sda1 /mnt/windows
mount -t ntfs-3g /dev/sda1 /mnt/windows
ntfs-3g /dev/sda5 /home/user/mnt -o ro,uid=1000
/dev/sda5 /home/user/mnt ntfs-3g ro,uid=1000 0 0
umount /mnt/windows
EXIT CODES
To facilitate the use of the ntfs-3g driver in scripts, an exit code is returned to give an indication of the mountability status of a volume. Value 0 means success, and all other ones mean an error. The unique error codes are documented in the ntfs-3g.probe(8) manual page.KNOWN ISSUES
Please see
http://www.tuxera.com/support/
AUTHORS
ntfs-3g was based on and a major improvement to ntfsmount and libntfs which were written by Yura Pakhuchiy and the Linux-NTFS team. The improvements were made, the ntfs-3g project was initiated and currently led by long time Linux-NTFS team developer Szabolcs Szakacsits (szaka@tuxera.com).THANKS
Several people made heroic efforts, often over five or more years which resulted the ntfs-3g driver. Most importantly they are Anton Altaparmakov, Jean-Pierre André, Richard Russon, Szabolcs Szakacsits, Yura Pakhuchiy, Yuval Fledel, and the author of the groundbreaking FUSE filesystem development framework, Miklos Szeredi.SEE ALSO
ntfs-3g.probe(8), ntfsprogs(8), attr(5), getfattr(1)Contenus ©2006-2024 Benjamin Poulain
Design ©2006-2024 Maxime Vantorre