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git-log
Langue: en
Version: 09/23/2007 (openSuse - 09/10/07)
Section: 1 (Commandes utilisateur)
NAME
git-log - Show commit logsSYNOPSIS
git-log <option>...DESCRIPTION
Shows the commit logs.The command takes options applicable to the git-rev-list(1) command to control what is shown and how, and options applicable to the git-diff-tree(1) commands to control how the changes each commit introduces are shown.
This manual page describes only the most frequently used options.
OPTIONS
--pretty[=<format>]
- Pretty print the contents of the commit logs in a given format, where <format> can be one of oneline, short, medium, full, fuller, email, raw and format:<string>. When left out the format default to medium.
--encoding[=<encoding>]
- The commit objects record the encoding used for the log message in their encoding header; this option can be used to tell the command to re-code the commit log message in the encoding preferred by the user. For non plumbing commands this defaults to UTF-8.
-<n>
- Limits the number of commits to show.
<since>..<until>
- Show only commits between the named two commits. When either <since> or <until> is omitted, it defaults to HEAD, i.e. the tip of the current branch. For a more complete list of ways to spell <since> and <until>, see "SPECIFYING REVISIONS" section in git-rev-parse(1).
--first-parent
- Follow only the first parent commit upon seeing a merge commit. This option gives a better overview of the evolution of a particular branch.
-p
- Show the change the commit introduces in a patch form.
-g, --walk-reflogs
- Show commits as they were recorded in the reflog. The log contains a record about how the tip of a reference was changed. See also git-reflog(1).
--decorate
- Print out the ref names of any commits that are shown.
<paths>...
- Show only commits that affect the specified paths.
PRETTY FORMATS
If the commit is a merge, and if the pretty-format is not oneline, email or raw, an additional line is inserted before the Author: line. This line begins with "Merge: " and the sha1s of ancestral commits are printed, separated by spaces. Note that the listed commits may not necessarily be the list of the direct parent commits if you have limited your view of history: for example, if you are only interested in changes related to a certain directory or file.Here are some additional details for each format:
- *oneline
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<sha1> <title line>
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- *short
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commit <sha1> Author: <author>
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<title line>
-
- *medium
-
-
commit <sha1> Author: <author> Date: <date>
-
<title line>
-
<full commit message>
-
- *full
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commit <sha1> Author: <author> Commit: <committer>
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<title line>
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<full commit message>
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- *fuller
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commit <sha1> Author: <author> AuthorDate: <date & time> Commit: <committer> CommitDate: <date & time>
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<title line>
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<full commit message>
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- *email
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From <sha1> <date> From: <author> Date: <date & time> Subject: [PATCH] <title line>
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<full commit message>
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- *raw
The raw format shows the entire commit exactly as stored in the commit object. Notably, the SHA1s are displayed in full, regardless of whether --abbrev or --no-abbrev are used, and parents information show the true parent commits, without taking grafts nor history simplification into account.
- *format:
The format: format allows you to specify which information you want to show. It works a little bit like printf format, with the notable exception that you get a newline with %n instead of \n.
E.g, format:"The author of %h was %an, %ar%nThe title was >>%s<<%n" would show something like this:
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The author of fe6e0ee was Junio C Hamano, 23 hours ago The title was >>t4119: test autocomputing -p<n> for traditional diff input.<<
- *%H: commit hash
- *%h: abbreviated commit hash
- *%T: tree hash
- *%t: abbreviated tree hash
- *%P: parent hashes
- *%p: abbreviated parent hashes
- *%an: author name
- *%ae: author email
- *%ad: author date
- *%aD: author date, RFC2822 style
- *%ar: author date, relative
- *%at: author date, UNIX timestamp
- *%cn: committer name
- *%ce: committer email
- *%cd: committer date
- *%cD: committer date, RFC2822 style
- *%cr: committer date, relative
- *%ct: committer date, UNIX timestamp
- *%e: encoding
- *%s: subject
- *%b: body
- *%Cred: switch color to red
- *%Cgreen: switch color to green
- *%Cblue: switch color to blue
- *%Creset: reset color
- *%m: left, right or boundary mark
- *%n: newline
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EXAMPLES
git log --no-merges
- Show the whole commit history, but skip any merges
git log v2.6.12.. include/scsi drivers/scsi
- Show all commits since version v2.6.12 that changed any file in the include/scsi or drivers/scsi subdirectories
git log --since="2 weeks ago" -- gitk
- Show the changes during the last two weeks to the file gitk. The "--" is necessary to avoid confusion with the branch named gitk
git log -r --name-status release..test
- Show the commits that are in the "test" branch but not yet in the "release" branch, along with the list of paths each commit modifies.
DISCUSSION
At the core level, git is character encoding agnostic.- *The pathnames recorded in the index and in the tree objects are treated as uninterpreted sequences of non-NUL bytes. What readdir(2) returns are what are recorded and compared with the data git keeps track of, which in turn are expected to be what lstat(2) and creat(2) accepts. There is no such thing as pathname encoding translation.
- *The contents of the blob objects are uninterpreted sequence of bytes. There is no encoding translation at the core level.
- *The commit log messages are uninterpreted sequence of non-NUL bytes.
- 1.git-commit-tree (hence, git-commit which uses it) issues an warning if the commit log message given to it does not look like a valid UTF-8 string, unless you explicitly say your project uses a legacy encoding. The way to say this is to have i18n.commitencoding in .git/config file, like this:
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[i18n] commitencoding = ISO-8859-1
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- 2.git-log, git-show and friends looks at the encoding header of a commit object, and tries to re-code the log message into UTF-8 unless otherwise specified. You can specify the desired output encoding with i18n.logoutputencoding in .git/config file, like this:
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[i18n] logoutputencoding = ISO-8859-1
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AUTHOR
Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>DOCUMENTATION
Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.GIT
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