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setuid.2freebsd

BSD mandoc

NAME

setuid seteuid setgid setegid - set user and group ID

LIBRARY

Lb libc

SYNOPSIS

In sys/types.h In unistd.h Ft int Fn setuid uid_t uid Ft int Fn seteuid uid_t euid Ft int Fn setgid gid_t gid Ft int Fn setegid gid_t egid

DESCRIPTION

The Fn setuid system call sets the real and effective user IDs and the saved set-user-ID of the current process to the specified value. The Fn setuid system call is permitted if the specified ID is equal to the real user ID or the effective user ID of the process, or if the effective user ID is that of the super user.

The Fn setgid system call sets the real and effective group IDs and the saved set-group-ID of the current process to the specified value. The Fn setgid system call is permitted if the specified ID is equal to the real group ID or the effective group ID of the process, or if the effective user ID is that of the super user.

The Fn seteuid system call (Fn setegid ) sets the effective user ID (group ID) of the current process. The effective user ID may be set to the value of the real user ID or the saved set-user-ID (see intro(2) and execve(2)); in this way, the effective user ID of a set-user-ID executable may be toggled by switching to the real user ID, then re-enabled by reverting to the set-user-ID value. Similarly, the effective group ID may be set to the value of the real group ID or the saved set-group-ID.

RETURN VALUES

Rv -std

ERRORS

The system calls will fail if:

Bq Er EPERM

The user is not the super user and the ID specified is not the real, effective ID, or saved ID.

SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS

Read and write permissions to files are determined upon a call to open(2). Once a file descriptor is open, dropping privilege does not affect the process's read/write permissions, even if the user ID specified has no read or write permissions to the file. These files normally remain open in any new process executed, resulting in a user being able to read or modify potentially sensitive data.

To prevent these files from remaining open after an exec(3) call, be sure to set the close-on-exec flag is set:

 void
 pseudocode(void)
 {
         int fd;
         /* ... */
 
         fd = open("/path/to/sensitive/data", O_RDWR);
         if (fd == -1)
                 err(1, "open");
 
         /*
          * Set close-on-exec flag; see fcntl(2) for more information.
          */
         if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC) == -1)
                 err(1, "fcntl(F_SETFD)");
         /* ... */
         execve(path, argv, environ);
 }
 

SEE ALSO

getgid(2), getuid(2), issetugid(2), setregid(2), setreuid(2)

STANDARDS

The Fn setuid and Fn setgid system calls are compliant with the St -p1003.1-90 specification with _POSIX_SAVED_IDS not defined with the permitted extensions from Appendix B.4.2.2. The Fn seteuid and Fn setegid system calls are extensions based on the POSIX concept of _POSIX_SAVED_IDS and have been proposed for a future revision of the standard.

HISTORY

The Fn setuid and Fn setgid functions appeared in AT&T System v7 .